Thanks to advances in treatment, more women are surviving breast cancer than ever before. But some face long-term side effects that impact daily life. One of the most common, and often misunderstood, is lymphedema.

Lymphedema is the swelling that can happen in the arm, breast, or chest wall after breast cancer treatment. Understanding why it happens and how to manage it is the first step toward regaining comfort, function, and confidence.

What Is Lymphedema?

The lymphatic system is part of your immune system. It helps drain fluid, waste, and toxins from tissues.

When lymph nodes are removed or damaged during breast cancer surgery or radiation therapy, fluid can build up. This leads to swelling, heaviness, and sometimes pain, a condition called lymphedema.

Causes of Lymphedema After Breast Cancer

Lymph node removal (axillary dissection or sentinel node biopsy)
Radiation therapy damaging lymph vessels
Scar tissue affecting drainage
Infections or injuries in the affected arm
Weight gain or high BMI, which increases risk

👉 Not everyone develops lymphedema, but the risk can last for years after treatment.

Symptoms to Watch For

Swelling in the arm, hand, breast, or chest wall
Feeling of heaviness, tightness, or stiffness
Rings, sleeves, or watches feeling tighter than before
Aching, tingling, or reduced flexibility
Skin changes (thickening, increased infections)

👉 Early detection is key: the sooner lymphedema is treated, the better the outcomes.

How Is Lymphedema Treated?

Lymphedema can’t always be cured, but it can be effectively managed with physiotherapy and lifestyle strategies.

1. Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD)

A gentle massage technique performed by trained therapists to stimulate lymph flow.

2. Compression Therapy

Compression sleeves or garments prevent fluid buildup.
Bandaging may be used in more advanced cases.

3. Exercise and Movement

Gentle, progressive exercises improve circulation and drainage.
Strength training is safe and recommended when supervised.

4. Skin Care

Keep skin moisturised to prevent cracks and infection.
Treat cuts or scratches promptly.

5. Education & Self-Management

Learning how to recognise early signs
Safe techniques for daily activity (e.g. avoiding heavy lifting in early stages, pacing loads)

What the Evidence Says

Studies show combined decongestive therapy (MLD, compression, exercise, skin care) is the gold standard for lymphedema management.
Early physiotherapy interventions can reduce the risk of chronic lymphedema.
Exercise, once feared, is now proven safe — and even protective.

Lymphedema is a common but manageable side effect of breast cancer treatment. With early recognition, physiotherapy, and ongoing care, most women can control swelling, protect function, and return to an active life.

✨ Concerned about swelling after breast cancer treatment? Book a session with our physiotherapists at Renard Clinic for evidence-based lymphedema care and support.