For many women, intimacy can become stressful or even impossible when the body reacts with pain or involuntary muscle tightening. This condition is called vaginismus, and while it can feel isolating, it is more common than many realise and, most importantly, it can be treated.

What Is Vaginismus?

Vaginismus is the involuntary contraction of the pelvic floor muscles around the vagina, making penetration (whether during sex, a gynaecological exam, or tampon use) painful or impossible.

The tightening is not something you can “just relax” out of, it’s an automatic, protective reflex of the body.

What Causes Vaginismus?

Vaginismus is complex and can be influenced by both physical and emotional factors, such as:

Painful first experiences with sex or exams
Perineal trauma after childbirth (tear, episiotomy)
Anxiety, fear of pain, or negative past experiences
Pelvic floor overactivity or scarring
Underlying conditions (endometriosis, infections, hormonal changes)

Often, it’s a combination of physical and emotional triggers.

Signs You Might Have Vaginismus

Pain, burning, or stinging during penetration attempts
Feeling like there is a “wall” or blockage
Tightness or spasms you cannot control
Avoidance of intimacy due to fear of pain
Difficulty with gynaecological exams or tampon use

The Path to Healing

The good news: vaginismus is treatable. Evidence-based approaches include:

1. Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy

Learning how to relax (not just strengthen) pelvic floor muscles
Scar massage or desensitisation if postpartum trauma is involved
Biofeedback or guided exercises to retrain muscle control

2. Gradual Exposure with Vaginal Dilators

Used under physiotherapist or medical guidance
Help the body adapt gently to penetration without pain
Always combined with relaxation and breathing

3. Psychological & Emotional Support

Sex therapy, CBT, or counselling to address fear, anxiety, or past trauma
Partner involvement can help rebuild trust and intimacy

4. Lubrication & Hormonal Support

Use of quality lubricants
Vaginal moisturisers or local estrogen (if dryness due to hormones, e.g. breastfeeding or menopause)

Vaginismus is not “in your head” and you are not alone. It is a real, physical condition but one with effective, evidence-based treatments. With a supportive physiotherapist, the right tools, and compassionate care, healing is possible.

✨ Struggling with painful intimacy? Our women’s health physiotherapists at Renard Clinic can help you start your journey to recovery with safe, personalised care.